Provision devices

Set up zero-touch provisioning so machines you ship or deploy automatically configure themselves on first boot. You install viam-agent during manufacturing and define a defaults file. When someone powers on the device and provides network credentials, the machine downloads and applies its configuration from a fragment.

When to use provisioning

Use provisioning when you are manufacturing or deploying multiple devices that need to come online with a predefined configuration without manual setup per device. Provisioning is designed for:

• Shipping devices to customers who will connect them to their own networks
• Deploying devices in facilities where IT staff will connect them
• Setting up field devices that need WiFi or Bluetooth onboarding

If you are setting up a small number of machines manually, you can skip provisioning and configure each machine directly in the Viam app.

How provisioning works

1. During manufacturing, you flash an OS image with viam-agent pre-installed and a defaults file (viam-defaults.json) that specifies a fragment and provisioning options.
2. On first boot, viam-agent checks for network connectivity. If no known network is available, it enters provisioning mode.
3. In provisioning mode, viam-agent creates a WiFi hotspot (or advertises a Bluetooth service) so the end user can provide network credentials.
4. The end user connects to the hotspot or Bluetooth and provides WiFi credentials through a mobile app or captive portal.
5. viam-agent connects to the provided network, registers the machine with Viam (using the fragment from the defaults file), and downloads viam-server and the configured software.
6. The machine is now online and running.

Prerequisites

• A fragment with the configuration your machines should use. Note the fragment ID.
• A device with a supported Linux OS. See the platform requirements for supported platforms.

1. Create the defaults file

Create a file called viam-defaults.json that defines the provisioning behavior. At minimum, specify a fragment_id.

{
  "network_configuration": {
    "manufacturer": "your-company",
    "model": "your-product",
    "fragment_id": "your-fragment-id",
    "hotspot_prefix": "your-product-setup",
    "hotspot_password": "viamsetup"
  }
}

Defaults file fields

All fields are optional except where noted.

2. Run the preinstall script

Download and run the preinstall script to install viam-agent and the defaults file onto your device or OS image.

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/packages.viam.com/apps/viam-agent/preinstall.sh
chmod 755 preinstall.sh

curl -O https://storage.googleapis.com/packages.viam.com/apps/viam-agent/preinstall.sh
chmod 755 preinstall.sh

Run the script from the same directory that contains your viam-defaults.json file:

sudo ./preinstall.sh

The script picks up viam-defaults.json from the current directory and copies it along with viam-agent to the appropriate locations on the device. For Raspberry Pi, it modifies the first-run script to start viam-agent on boot. The exact mechanism depends on the image: cloud-init-based images get an entry added to the cloud-init user-data file; older images get an entry in firstrun.sh.

To install onto an external rootfs (for example, a mounted SD card image):

sudo ./preinstall.sh /path/to/rootfs

3. Boot the device

Power on the device. viam-agent starts automatically and:

1. Checks for a known WiFi network.
2. Creates a WiFi hotspot named {hotspot_prefix}-{hostname} if no known network is found within offline_before_starting_hotspot_minutes (default: 2 minutes).
3. Waits for a user to connect and provide network credentials.

The end user completes setup by following the end-user device setup instructions.

4. Verify provisioning

After the end user provides network credentials:

1. The machine connects to the provided network.
2. viam-agent registers the machine with Viam and applies the fragment.
3. viam-server is downloaded and started.
4. The machine appears in the Viam app fleet dashboard as Live.

Check the fleet dashboard at app.viam.com/fleet/machines to confirm the machine is online.

Provision additional networks

To configure fallback WiFi networks that the device can connect to without going through provisioning mode, add an additional_networks section to the defaults file:

{
  "network_configuration": {
    "fragment_id": "your-fragment-id",
    "hotspot_prefix": "your-product-setup"
  },
  "additional_networks": {
    "office-wifi": {
      "type": "wifi",
      "ssid": "OfficeNetwork",
      "psk": "office-password",
      "priority": 30
    },
    "factory-wifi": {
      "type": "wifi",
      "ssid": "FactoryNetwork",
      "psk": "factory-password",
      "priority": 20
    }
  }
}

Networks with higher priority values are preferred. See system settings for the full network configuration reference.

Limitations

• The preinstall script cannot be run twice on the same device. To re-provision, delete /etc/viam.json and reboot.
• Provisioning requires viam-agent, which runs on Linux systems with NetworkManager. It is not available for microcontrollers.
• When using the Viam mobile app for provisioning, the hotspot_password must be "viamsetup".